27 Mar · softmaker · No Comments

The original case (shyǵys septik) of nouns in the Kazakh language, the description and examples

The original case (shyǵys septik) Kazakh language corresponds to the Subjective Case in English with the preposition from, of, with, out, since.

Qazaq	English
qoryqqan-nan	with fright
ash-tan	from hunger
qulyn-nan	from a foal
taý-dan	from the mountain

The original case (shyǵys septik) answers questions kimnen? (from whom?), neden? (from what?), qaıdan? (where from?), qashannan? (since when?) and is used to indicate the starting point of the action of the subject or what the object is made of.

Qazaq	English	Question
Men ylǵı dosym-nan aqyl suraımyn	I always ask advice from my friend	kimnen?
Ol qyzy-nan kele jatyr	He goes from his girlfriend	kimnen?
Olar aq un-nan nan jasaıdy	They made bread from white flour	neden?
Ol jibek-ten kóılegin tigip otyr	She is sewing a dress made of silk	neden?
Men dúken-nen kele jatyrmyn	I’m back from the store	qaıdan?
Ol jınalys-tan kele jatyr	He returns from the meeting	qaıdan?
Keshe-den osynda	Been here since yesterday	qashanan?
Toǵyz-dan júrip jatyr	Starting with nine	qashanan?

Nouns in the original case (shyǵys septik) take endings -dan (-dan), -tan (-ten), -nan (-nen):

If the base of the word ends in vowels -a, -á, -e, -ı, -ý, -y, -i, (except -y and -і in the cases of the 3rd person form), voiced consonants -j, -z or sonorants -l, -r, -ý, then the endings -dan/-den are added to it.

Qazaq	English
Serik kala-dan keldi	Serik came from the city
Teńgeni qaǵaz-dan jasaıdy	Tenge made from paper
Biz stýdentter-den emtıhan alamyz	We take exams from students
Men dáriger-den kele jatyrmyn	I’m coming from a doctor

If the final sound of word voiceless consonant -k, -q, -p, -s, -t, -sh or ends with a voiced consonant -b, -v, -g, -ǵ, -d, then the endings -tan/-ten are added to it.

Qazaq	English
Marıam zavod-tan keldi	Mariyam came from the factory
Almas ınstıtýty-tan keldi	Almas returned from the Institute
Men Peterbýrg-ten kele jatyrmyn	I’m coming from Petersburg
Qaımaqty sút-ten jasaıdy	Sour cream is made from milk

If the base word ends in conomie consonants -m,-n,-ń and in cases of the third person possessive form with affixes -y/-i, -sy/-si after the root of the word, then the endings -nan/-nen are added to it.

Qazaq	English
Brıgada aýdan-nan keldi	The team returned from the area
Ol meıram-nan kele jatyr	He is coming from a holiday
Ákem-nen hat aldym	I received a letter from my father
Ájeń-nen habar bar ma?	Have you heard from your grandmother?

In the Kazakh language, the original case (shyǵys septik) has the following meanings:

The starting point of action and movement:

Qazaq	English
Sársen demalys-tan keldi	Sarsen came back from vacation
Stýdentter praktıkasy-dan keldi	The students are back from practice
Omar mektep-ten molla shyqty	Omar got out of school
Men qazy-dan kele jatyrmyn	I’m coming from the judge

Compare items:

Qazaq	English
Muhıt teńiz-den úlken	The ocean is bigger than the sea
Asqar-dan Bolat kishi	Bolat is younger than Askar
Altaı-dan Sáken úlken	Saken is smaller than Altai
Balhıa-dan Ámına jasy	Amina is younger than Belgii

The material that the item is made of:

Qazaq	English
Qaǵaz-dy* shyrsha aǵashy-nan jasaıdy	Paper is made from spruce wood
Balshyq-tan kirpish jasaıdy	Bricks are made from clay
Nan-dy* un-nan pisiredi	Bread is baked from flour
Úıler-di* tas-tan salady	Houses are built of stone

* The accusative ending is attached here.

Onset of action in time:

Qazaq	English
Instıtýtta birinshi qazan-nan dáris bastalady	Lectures at the Institute begin on the first of October
Jumys zaýytta saǵat segiz-den bastalady	Work at the factory starts at eight o’clock
Erteń-nen bastap leksıaǵa baramyn	I’ll start going to lectures tomorrow
Keshe-den bastap qar jaýady	It’s been snowing since yesterday